HEBREW TRANSLATION

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ABOUT HEBREW
Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages. In Israel, it is spoken and written today in much the same way as it was more than 2000 years ago.

Hebrew is a Semitic language originally adopted by the ibhri, or Israelites, when they took possession of the land of Canaan west of the Jordan River in Palestine. It remained the language of the Jews (Israelites) throughout the Old Testament period. It has also been called the "speech of Canaan" and "Judean," after the kingdom of Judah.

Hebrew was replaced by Aramaic as the spoken language of the Jews when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire and its people were exiled to Babylon. Hebrew ceased to exist as a spoken language around 250 B.C., although it persevered as a written language. Hebrew was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century almost entirely due to the efforts of one man, Lithuanian-born Jewish activist Eliezer ben Yehudah. Hebrew gradually came back into use among the Jewish settlers in Palestine and became the official language of Israel when it became a nation in 1948.

Modern Hebrew is called Ivrit. The language is written and read from right to left and has an alphabet of 22 letters — all consonants and no capitals. Around the eighth century, a system was developed for indicating vowels through the use of small dots and dashes (called Masoretic points) placed above and below the consonants. Scriptures, children's school ooks, poetry, and textbooks for foreigners use the Masoretic points - but they are not to be seen in newspapers, magazines, or books of general use.

English words of Hebrew origin include "amen," "hallelujah," "Sabbath," "rabbi," "cherub," "seraph," "Satan," "kosher," "manna," "shibboleth," and "behemoth." More recent contributions are "kibbutz" and "sabra."